The Registered Nurse is a higher rank than the Licensed Practical Nurse. This distinction is based on education, scope of practice, clinical responsibilities, and legal authority in patient care.
An RN typically completes either an associate degree in nursing or a bachelor of science in nursing, which takes two to four years. In contrast, an LPN completes a shorter certificate program, usually lasting about one year. After graduation, both must pass a national licensing exam—RN candidates take the NCLEX RN, while LPN candidates take the NCLEX PN.
In clinical practice, RNs have a broader and more complex scope of responsibilities. They perform comprehensive patient assessments, develop and manage care plans, administer intravenous medications, supervise LPNs and nursing assistants, and make independent clinical judgments. RNs are also authorized to work in critical care, emergency, and specialty units where advanced decision making is required.
LPNs work under the supervision of RNs or physicians and typically provide basic bedside care, such as monitoring vital signs, assisting with hygiene, and administering oral medications. Their scope of practice is more limited, and they are generally not permitted to perform IV therapy, conduct initial patient assessments, or manage complex care plans independently.
Employment settings also differ. While LPNs often work in long term care facilities or clinics, RNs are employed across all healthcare environments, including hospitals, intensive care units, operating rooms, and public health agencies.
In terms of career advancement and salary, RNs earn significantly more and have greater opportunities for specialization, leadership, and advanced practice roles such as nurse practitioner or clinical nurse specialist.
Therefore, the RN holds a higher professional rank than the LPN in the U.S. healthcare system, reflecting greater education, responsibility, autonomy, and clinical authority.