Members of the European Parliament (MEPs) serve a fixed term of five years. This term aligns with the European Parliament’s legislative cycle, known as a “parliamentary term” or “legislature.” Elections for the European Parliament are held every five years across all European Union (EU) member states, typically in May or June. The most recent elections took place in June 2024, meaning the current (10th) Parliament will serve until 2029.
Key Details on MEP Terms:
- Fixed Duration: Unlike some national parliaments with variable terms, the EU Treaty (Article 14 of the Treaty on European Union) mandates a strict five-year term. There are no early dissolutions or snap elections at the EU level.
- Re-election: MEPs can stand for re-election indefinitely. Many serve multiple terms; for example, some veteran MEPs have been in office since the first direct elections in 1979.
- Vacancies: If an MEP resigns, dies, or is removed (e.g., due to incompatibility with other roles under EU rules), their seat is filled by a substitute from the same national party list or by a by-election in certain countries. The replacement serves the remainder of the five-year term.
- Historical Context: Direct elections began in 1979, replacing appointed representatives. Prior terms were also five years, ensuring consistency.
Exceptions and Nuances:
- National Variations: MEPs are elected via national systems (proportional representation in most countries), but the term length is uniform EU-wide.
- Post-Brexit Adjustment: The UK’s departure in 2020 reduced seats from 751 to 705, with some redistributed, but did not alter term lengths.
- Incompatibility Rules: MEPs cannot hold certain national offices (e.g., government minister) simultaneously, which may force early resignation.
In summary, an MEP’s standard term is five years, renewable through elections. This structure promotes stability while allowing democratic renewal. As of 2025, the Parliament has 720 MEPs (increased in 2023 to reflect population changes). For the latest election results or MEP lists, visit the official European Parliament website.